Category Archives: Logic

Three students


envelopAlex is an art-student who sends an email to Bert. Charles is not an art-student. Bert sends an email to Charles.

Now the simple question is: Does an art student send an email to someone who is not an art student?

Yes or No? Or can’t decide because of lack of information?.

This puzzle comes from a presentation by Paul Fenwick, which you can find here

If you solved it, we have the solution so you can check yours.

Complete the alphabet (2)


Alphabet
1) Complete the alphabet*

ACDGHIMNOPUVWXY
BEFJKLQRST

In which row does the letter Z go?

If you solved it, we have the solution so you can check yours

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One of the nice things of wordpress is its detailed visitor stats.
This blog had 6900 views in 2012.

The visitors have come from (in from most to fewer, only countries > 5 views represented:

United States India United Kingdom Netherlands Canada Australia
Ireland, Philippines Singapore Belgium Turkey Pakistan Germany Romania
Saudi Arabia France Spain Brazil Jordan Korea, Malaysia Hong Kong Greece
Poland Denmark New Zealand Italy Indonesia United Arab Emirates Norway
South Africa Sweden Taiwan Switzerland Mexico Algeria Israel Austria
Lebanon Finland Portugal Qatar Iceland Iraq Hungary Kuwait Jamaica
Ukraine Nigeria Russian Federation Egypt Serbia Bangladesh Japan
Thailand Belize Slovakia Viet Nam Nepal Argentina Latvia Kenya Estonia Armenia

There were 38 new posts, brining the total up to 52. 127 new pictures were uploaded.
The busiest day of the year was December 17th with 97 views.

The most popular posts date back to 2011, all types of river crossing puzzles.
Oh, and the most poopular page was the page with the solutions.

1 lightbulb and 100 prisoners


1 lightbulb and 100 prisoners illustration
1) 1 light-bulb and 100 prisoners***
Once upon a time there were 100 prisoners, all confined in solitary cells. At the center of the prison is a strip of grass with a small cottage with a light-bulb.

One day the evil Nazi commander of the prison camp calls the prisoners together. He tells them:
“Once a day a random prisoner will be allowed to breath fresh air on this strip of grass in the center of our beloved prison. From this the lucky prisoner of the day has access to a small cottage with a light-bulb, which he can switch on or off.
When one of you thinks you have all been here at least once, and states so correctly, you will all receive free library access. If the prisoner is incorrect, you will all end up before the fire squadron.
You now have 1 evening to discuss a strategy, and then its: back to your solitary cells, and no longer any contact.”

What is a good strategy for the prisoners to decide upon?

This puzzle was first presented to me by Jon Koeter, whom I mentioned before. My fellow consultant Harrie Jans surprised me this week by solving it in 1 minute.

You can check your solution at no 210

Did you know?
Showing a brain image besides text makes people believe the text

A lightbulb and three switches


lightbulb controlled by 1 of 3 switches

1) Three switches*
In a room, there is a light-bulb hanging down from the ceiling. Its door is closed, and from the corridor outside you can not tell if the light-bulb is burning or not.

In another room there are three switches, one of which controls the light-bulb – but you don’t know which one. The three switches are all in their ‘off’ position.The two rooms are several corridors apart. Assuming you don’t want to walk more then necessary, how often do you have to check the room with the light bulb in order to find out which of the three switches controls the light bulb?

Kees Krol recently reminded me of this problem, though he or someone else showed me the problem some time ago.

If you think you solved this puzzle, you can check your solution here

Pattern codes – signalling people


1) Signalling people**
Have you ever seen the people on an aircraft carrier, or in the mountains, signalling an helicopter to get down at a specific point?

This puzzle is inspired by those people and signals.

solution

Did you know….
Body language provides a much better cue than facial expressions when judging if a person has just gone through severe emotions?
See here for more details.

Perfect logicians


Pirate smiley1) The five pirates**
Five pirates have 100 gold pieces. They are all perfect logicians, greedy , and blood thirsty.

They have a strict order of seniority, and the most senior pirate makes a proposal how to divide the 100 gold pieces among them. The pirates vote on the proposal. If the proposal is accepted (more votes for than against, or the number of votes are equally divided), the 100 gold pieces are divides as per proposal.
The gold pieces can not be divided into fractions, and all pirates are know that the others are logical too. Moreover, they don’t trust each other, so any deals among the pirates are not possible.

If the proposal is rejected (at least as many votes against as in favour of the proposal), the pirate who made the proposal is killed and the pirate who is next in order of seniority makes a proposal. That can continue till there is just one pirate left.

When casting his vote, the priorities of each pirate are:
I) Stay alive himself
II) Get as much gold as possible
III) Kill off other pirates
All 5 pirates are perfect logicians, and immediately sees the result of any proposal and will, with the a fore mentioned priorities in mind, cast his vote.

Which proposal should the most senior pirate make?

2) Five pirates again**
This puzzle is the same as above, with two changes:
a) If the votes on a proposal are equally divided, the proposal is rejected.

3) How many pirates?**
How many pirates can take part in the division of 100 gold pieces, with the rules from puzzle 1, with the first one still surviving? And how does the pattern develop with an ever increasing number of pirates?

There is of course no intrinsic reason why the persons in this puzzle should be pirates. They could easily well be immigrants from Pluto on Mars, or be hula-hoop girls on a remote pacific island. I have retained the pirates as figures because people are most likely to search for this word when trying to study this puzzle.

If you solved it, we have the solution to 1

If you solved it, we have the solution to 2

If you solved it, we have the solution to 3